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Publication
Ethics
Ethics
ETHICAL AND LEGAL BASIS OF THE EDITORIAL POLICY OF PUBLISHING HOUSE HORS LLC
Editors’ responsibilities [1]
Publication decisions
Editor and staff of the Publishing House "HORS" LLC rely in their activities on the generally accepted ethical principles of publishing scientific materials, stated in the Declaration "Ethical Principles of Scientific Publications", approved at the General Meeting of the Association of Scientific Editors and Publishers (ASEP) as part of the 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference "Scientific Publishing of International Level - 2016: Addressing the Challenges of Publishing Ethics, Reviewing and Publication Preparation", which was held in Moscow on May 20, 2016. [1]. In addition, the publication ethics of Publishing House HORS LLC is based on the rules and standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [3] and the Code of Conduct and Best-Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors [4].
The editor and editorial staff adhere to the generally accepted principles of the scientific approach, objectivity, professionalism, and impartiality. Submissions received will be evaluated without regard to the race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnicity, citizenship, or political views of the authors. The decision to publish will be based on the paper's scientific significance, originality, clarity of presentation, novelty, compliance with the journal's profile, as well as taking into account the current legislation in the field of libel, copyright and plagiarism [4]. The editorial staff guides all parties involved in the publication process (authors, reviewers, editorial board members, publishing house employees, readers) to comply with generally recognized standards of publication ethics.
A submitted manuscript can be rejected by the editor prior to a review if there is an urgent reason: its irrelevance to the journal’s scope, the low quality of scientific publications, the submission of the manuscript that has been published in another journal, the violation of publishing ethics imposed by the editor and editorial staff, the non-compliance with (failure to follow) the house style guide. The Editorial Board will reserve the right to make cuts and editorial revisions of manuscripts that do not affect the essence and content of the submitted material, while maintaining the integrity of the publication. The editors adhere to the appropriate standards of scientific and publication ethics when working with the text of the publication.
All articles submitted to the journal and not rejected at the initial stage for any reason will be passed to experts for review. All reviewers are renowned experts in the appropriate field. The identity of both the author and reviewer will be kept hidden from each other.
The editor and editorial staff strive for the high-quality scientific content and publish corrections, additions, clarifications, apologies, if necessary. The materials published represent the authors’ point of view that may differ from the viewpoint of the editor and editorial staff. The authors are responsible for the facts and data provided.
Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. They collect only the information about the author (full name, academic degree, academic status, affiliations and addresses, contact details) that is required for publishing. This information is available for an unspecified number of people. The authors will give their consent to it, sign the supporting documents, and provide full information about them to be indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index database.
The abovementioned information will be disclosed for the authors’ benefit in order to be fully and properly considered and cited by relevant databases and integrated into Russian and global scientific community. Personal details presented by the authors will be used strictly for contact purposes while handling the manuscript. The editor and editorial staff undertake not to provide this personal information to third parties who may use it for other purposes, except as provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Potential conflicts of interest will arise if there are special financial, personal or professional environment that may affect the scientific judgment of the editor, the editorial staff or a reviewer on the publication. To prevent such a situation, the article should present all sources of research funding, should exclude commercial, financial, personal or professional factors that may lead to a conflict of interest in relation to articles submitted to the journal.
The editor and editorial staff will take all measures within their power to prevent conflicts of interest. The relationships between the authors and reviewers are based on the principle of double-blind peer review. It means the identity of both the author and reviewer is kept hidden from each other. If a conflict of interest is suspected, the author may ask the Editorial Board to exclude a person known to him/her from being an editor and/or reviewer of the manuscript. In this context, the article will be handled by another editor and/or reviewer. If there are conflicts of interest, the Editorial Board will make an unbiased editorial decision, the publication will not be automatically rejected, since the scientific nature of the manuscript is a determining factor in the editorial practice of the journal. If necessary, the editor and editorial staff can inform the authors that their manuscripts cannot be published in certain sections of the journal (e.g., articles or overviews on request) because of possible conflicts of interest.
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted paper will not be used by the editor, the members of the Editorial Board or the reviewers for their own research purposes without the author’s explicit written consent. Confidential information or ideas received during a review will not be disclosed and used in order to derive private benefits. A wide range of experts will be attracted if necessary to analyze the manuscript without disclosing the data received.
Retraction of article
In some cases, the editor and editorial staff may decide to retract articles. The reasons for it can be as follows: plagiarized text, images, figures, charts, tables, etc. are detected after publication; there are copyright infringement claims in relation to the article or its parts; the article has been published in another journal before its publication in the journal; there are fundamental errors in the published paper that raise concerns over its scientific relevance. In such a case, the screening of the article initiated by the editorial staff may lead to its retraction. After that, a Verification Report and Protocol on Article Retraction are compiled. The latter should be signed by the Director of Publishing House HORS LLC. A copy of the Report and the Protocol will be sent to the author of the article. The article will not be withdrawn from the published edition. The Editorial Board will release an official statement on article retraction on its official website (in the table of contents of an appropriate issue). The editorial staff will give the careful and responsible consideration to authorship and plagiarism claims in published materials and take all feasible measures to remedy the situation.
Plagiarism policy
All manuscripts submitted to the journal should be screened for duplicated text and possible plagiarism at the initial stage. If plagiarism and inappropriately manipulated techniques to bypass plagiarism are detected, the article will not be published. The author will be informed about the rejection when plagiarized suspicions are raised. If plagiarism is discovered in the published article, it will be removed from the publication beyond recovery. When inappropriately manipulated data are revealed, all plagiarized pieces of text will be examined on a case-by-case basis.
The forms of plagiarism include word-for-word plagiarism to any extent failing to provide the bibliographic reference; inappropriately manipulated images, illustrations, pictures, tables, charts, diagrams, or any other graphs failing to provide the bibliographic reference; inappropriately manipulated images, illustrations, pictures, tables, charts, diagrams, or any other graphs published in scientific literature and science fiction without the consent of the rights holder; materials published without a written consent of the rights holder if a permission is required.
The forms of citation manipulation are as follows: failure to identify primary sources; discrepancy between in-text citations and reference list; excessive citations (if there are references to sources) which are not justified by the genre and the purpose of an article.
The allowable citations (proper citation) should be no more than 20 %. This requirement does not apply to overviews and other articles that require more citations for objective reasons. Such submissions shall be reviewed by the editors on a case-by-case basis. The articles which contain the same information (thesis, thesis abstract, monograph, previous articles in journals and collections) are not accepted.
Reviewers’ responsibilities
Contribution to editorial decisions
A review of scientific articles by referees plays a crucial role when providing an objective and scientific assessment of the material. This process is based on mutual trust and requires responsible and ethical behavior [6]. The peer-reviewing process assists the editor and the Editorial Board in determining the significance of the article and making editorial decisions. A reviewer is an important person in improving the paper by adding new materials or reducing ones presented. An objective expert opinion on the manuscript helps the editor and editorial staff decide whether to publish it or not.
Promptness
A referee should promptly respond to the Editorial Board, particularly when he/she refuses to review an article for objective or subjective reasons. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or has no deep knowledge of the subject matter should notify the editor, describe the scope of his/her expertise or withdraw from the review process. A prompt review is of great importance to publication, so a referee should notify the Editorial Board of the possible delay in reviewing in advance.
Confidentiality
Any manuscripts, reviews, its information and ideas must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be disclosed to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor. The referees should not involve third parties, including their assistants, in the review process if they are not authorized by the editor or editorial staff; persons assisted to the referees should be named in the final opinion of a referee to consider their contribution to the abovementioned process [7].
Standards of objectivity
Peer reviewers will provide accurate and true information about their personal and professional knowledge and experience. Reviews should be conducted objectively on a scientific basis. Referees should guarantee that articles will be evaluated without regard to the authors’ race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, citizenship, political and other views and commercial considerations. Peer reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. The referee should avoid the hostile and provocative statements, defamatory and humiliating comments [8].
Acknowledgement of sources
Referees will identify cases in which relevant published work referred to in the paper has not been cited in the reference section. They should point out whether observations or arguments derived from other publications are accompanied by the respective source. There should be a bibliographic reference to the primary source wherever possible [9]. Reviewers will notify the editor of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.
Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Reviewers must respect the confidential information and ideas obtained through peer review. Privileged information must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage, other persons or entity’s benefits, causing damage to and discrediting others. Referees should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the papers. Reviewers must seek editors’ advice if they are not sure whether or not the submitted article can lead to a conflict of interest.
Authors’ duties
Reporting standards
Authors of original research reports should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the article. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to demonstrate the recognized contribution of other researchers to the subject matter. All external sources of information used in the manuscript must be accompanied by bibliographic references. They must enable reviewers and all interested persons to recheck or replicate the work. No personal, critical, derogatory comments to and accusations against other researchers are admissible. There should be no fraudulent or knowingly false statements in the manuscript. Otherwise, the editor and editorial staff will treat this fact as unethical and unacceptable behavior in the scientific community.
Data access and retention
Authors could be asked to provide the raw data of their study together with the paper for editorial review and should be prepared to make the data publicly available if practicable. In any event, authors should ensure accessibility of such data to other competent professionals for at least ten years after publication (preferably via an institutional or subject-based data repository or other data center), provided that the confidentiality of the participants can be protected and legal rights concerning proprietary data do not preclude their release.
Originality, plagiarism and acknowledgement of sources
Authors will submit only entirely original works. They will appropriately cite or quote the work and/or words of others. Publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work should also be cited. Third-party content (including figures, tables, images) is admissible in case of reference to the author of these materials and/or copyright holder and copyright permission available.
Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication
Submitting the same paper to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Articles which have been published as copyrighted material elsewhere cannot be submitted. Besides, manuscripts under review by the journal should not be resubmitted to copyrighted publications. Copyright infringement in relation to a submitted and edited paper is prosecuted. However, by submitting a manuscript, the author(s) retain the rights to the published material.
Authorship and copyright
Copyright to submitted manuscripts is held by their authors. The term ‘authors’ refers to all persons (co-authors) involved in the creation of a manuscript and responsible for its content. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author ensures that all contributing co-authors and no uninvolved persons are included in the author list. The person (corresponding author) who has submitted a manuscript to the journal will be responsible for full authors’ information provided, amendments agreed upon a review and revision of the article. The corresponding author will also verify that all co-authors have approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. The author who has submitted the article to Publishing House HORS LLC hereby consent to publish his/her article in the journal and transfer his/her rights to article to the publisher (the right to its translation, make it publicly available on the official website of the journal, transfer the article (including references)) to the persons who must receive this information or other persons in order to cite publications and increase the citation index of the author and the journal. To reprint any copyright material published in the journals of Publishing House HORS LLC, the consent of the Editorial Board, the reference to the journal, the author and the title of the article are required. Copyright infringement in relation to a submitted and edited paper is prosecuted.
Disclosure and conflicts of interest
All authors should include a statement disclosing any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that may be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. If a conflict of interest takes place, the author may ask the Editorial Board to exclude a person known to him/her from being an editor and/or reviewer of the manuscript. The Editorial Board retains the right to reject the publication in case of a breach of ethical rules and regulations and in case of possible damage to conduct appropriate testing and public events, which is in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Fundamental errors in published works
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or editorial staff and to cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper in form of an erratum.
Article Retraction Procedure
1. The Article Retraction Procedure is based on the Publication Ethics of the journals [10], the contract of Publishing House HORS LLC, and the Article Retraction Guidelines of Association of Science Editors and Publishers [11].
2. Retraction of an article is a set of measures to correct the data published in a scientific journal due to plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, fabrication, falsification, improper citations as well as duplicate or multiple publications including ones by different authors. In such a case, the article is not completely retracted from the online and print versions of the journal and e-library databases.
3. If one or more grounds for retraction stipulated in paragraph 2 are detected, the Director of Publishing House HORS LLC sets an agenda for article retraction. An Editorial Board Meeting is arranged in this regard. The decision shall be made by open vote. The internal expert review is preassigned to establish or deny the cause of retraction.
4. The article retraction is to be discussed if the Editorial Board, the author or third parties identify the reasons for it. The Editorial Board sends a letter concerning the goals, causes of retraction and the decision taken to the author.
5. If minor violations such as the lack of some references and proper citations, miscalculations and erroneous data, misprints are detected, the article is to be corrected. Authors are forbidden to submit new manuscripts to any journal of Publishing House HORS LLC within two years.
When making changes to an article, the note ‘Revised’ is added to the table of contents beside its title, a revised version is presented next to the initial one, the appropriate announcement is made in the subsequent issue print issue, the article is included in the list of retracted and revised articles. The article continues to be published. Information on the revised article is sent to Russian Science Citation Index, Association of Science Editors and Publishers, EBSCO.
6. If one detects major violations such as plagiarism, multiple improper citations, falsification and fabrication, duplicate or multiple publications including ones by different authors, the article is to be retracted. Authors are forbidden to submit new manuscripts to any journal of Publishing House HORS LLC within three years.
When retracting an article (paragraph 6), the note ‘Retracted’ is added to the table of contents beside its title, a “RETRACTED” watermark is added to the article, the appropriate announcement is made in the subsequent issue print issue, the article is included in the list of retracted and revised articles. The article is no longer regarded as published. Information on the retracted article is sent to Russian Science Citation Index, Association of Science Editors and Publishers, EBSCO.
7. According to contract, there is no refund for the article retracted.
References and notes:
1. Translated from Russian by Margarita Kulikova, Translator of Publishing House HORS LLC.
2. Declaration of Ethical Principles of Science Publications by Association of Science Editors and Publishers 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, <https://rasep.ru/sovet-po-etike/deklaratsiya>, (in Russian).
3. Guidelines for Publication of a Scientific Journal. International Practice on the Ethics of Editing, Reviewing, Publishing and Authorship of Scientific Publications 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian).
4. Code of Conduct and Best-Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, https://rasep.ru/sovet-po-etike/kodeksy-i-knigi/134-kodeks-povedeniya-i-nailuchshaya-praktika-dlya-redaktorov-zhurnalov>, (in Russian).
5. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) as of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ as amended on May 23, 2018 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian); Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as of June 13, 1996 No. 63-ФЗ as amended on June 27, 2018. Article 146. Violation of Copyright and Related Rights 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian); Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) as of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ as amended on May 23, 2018. Article 1252. Protection of Exclusive Rights 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian); Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) as of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ as amended on May 23, 2018. Article 1301. Responsibility for Violation of the Exclusive Right to Work 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian).
6. Hames, I & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 66, (in Russian).
7. Hames, I & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 69, (in Russian).
8. Hames, I & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 67, (in Russian).
9. Wager, E, Kleinert, S & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Responsible Research Publication: International Standards for Authors’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 81, (in Russian).
10. ‘Publication Ethics’ 2018, Publishing House HORS LLC: International Scientific Publisher, viewed 20 June 2018, <http://dom-hors.ru/redakcionnaya-etika/>, (in Russian); ‘Publication Ethics’ 2018, Theory and Practice of Social Development: International Scientific Journal, viewed 20 June 2018, <http://teoria-practica.ru/redakcionnaya-etika/>, (in Russian).
11. ‘Article Retraction Guidelines’ 2018, Official website of Association of Science Editors and Publishers, viewed 20 June 2018, <https://rasep.ru/sovet-po-etike/pravilo-otzyva-retragirovaniya-stati-ot-publikatsii>, (in Russian).
The author is Shapovalov Sergey Nikolayevich, PhD in History, Associate Professor, History of Russia Department, Kuban State University
This information is published in Scientific Journal “Society: Philosophy, History, Culture”. 2018. No. 7.
Editors’ responsibilities [1]
Publication decisions
Editor and staff of the Publishing House "HORS" LLC rely in their activities on the generally accepted ethical principles of publishing scientific materials, stated in the Declaration "Ethical Principles of Scientific Publications", approved at the General Meeting of the Association of Scientific Editors and Publishers (ASEP) as part of the 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference "Scientific Publishing of International Level - 2016: Addressing the Challenges of Publishing Ethics, Reviewing and Publication Preparation", which was held in Moscow on May 20, 2016. [1]. In addition, the publication ethics of Publishing House HORS LLC is based on the rules and standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) [3] and the Code of Conduct and Best-Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors [4].
The editor and editorial staff adhere to the generally accepted principles of the scientific approach, objectivity, professionalism, and impartiality. Submissions received will be evaluated without regard to the race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnicity, citizenship, or political views of the authors. The decision to publish will be based on the paper's scientific significance, originality, clarity of presentation, novelty, compliance with the journal's profile, as well as taking into account the current legislation in the field of libel, copyright and plagiarism [4]. The editorial staff guides all parties involved in the publication process (authors, reviewers, editorial board members, publishing house employees, readers) to comply with generally recognized standards of publication ethics.
A submitted manuscript can be rejected by the editor prior to a review if there is an urgent reason: its irrelevance to the journal’s scope, the low quality of scientific publications, the submission of the manuscript that has been published in another journal, the violation of publishing ethics imposed by the editor and editorial staff, the non-compliance with (failure to follow) the house style guide. The Editorial Board will reserve the right to make cuts and editorial revisions of manuscripts that do not affect the essence and content of the submitted material, while maintaining the integrity of the publication. The editors adhere to the appropriate standards of scientific and publication ethics when working with the text of the publication.
All articles submitted to the journal and not rejected at the initial stage for any reason will be passed to experts for review. All reviewers are renowned experts in the appropriate field. The identity of both the author and reviewer will be kept hidden from each other.
The editor and editorial staff strive for the high-quality scientific content and publish corrections, additions, clarifications, apologies, if necessary. The materials published represent the authors’ point of view that may differ from the viewpoint of the editor and editorial staff. The authors are responsible for the facts and data provided.
Confidentiality
The editor and any editorial staff must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. They collect only the information about the author (full name, academic degree, academic status, affiliations and addresses, contact details) that is required for publishing. This information is available for an unspecified number of people. The authors will give their consent to it, sign the supporting documents, and provide full information about them to be indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index database.
The abovementioned information will be disclosed for the authors’ benefit in order to be fully and properly considered and cited by relevant databases and integrated into Russian and global scientific community. Personal details presented by the authors will be used strictly for contact purposes while handling the manuscript. The editor and editorial staff undertake not to provide this personal information to third parties who may use it for other purposes, except as provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Potential conflicts of interest will arise if there are special financial, personal or professional environment that may affect the scientific judgment of the editor, the editorial staff or a reviewer on the publication. To prevent such a situation, the article should present all sources of research funding, should exclude commercial, financial, personal or professional factors that may lead to a conflict of interest in relation to articles submitted to the journal.
The editor and editorial staff will take all measures within their power to prevent conflicts of interest. The relationships between the authors and reviewers are based on the principle of double-blind peer review. It means the identity of both the author and reviewer is kept hidden from each other. If a conflict of interest is suspected, the author may ask the Editorial Board to exclude a person known to him/her from being an editor and/or reviewer of the manuscript. In this context, the article will be handled by another editor and/or reviewer. If there are conflicts of interest, the Editorial Board will make an unbiased editorial decision, the publication will not be automatically rejected, since the scientific nature of the manuscript is a determining factor in the editorial practice of the journal. If necessary, the editor and editorial staff can inform the authors that their manuscripts cannot be published in certain sections of the journal (e.g., articles or overviews on request) because of possible conflicts of interest.
Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted paper will not be used by the editor, the members of the Editorial Board or the reviewers for their own research purposes without the author’s explicit written consent. Confidential information or ideas received during a review will not be disclosed and used in order to derive private benefits. A wide range of experts will be attracted if necessary to analyze the manuscript without disclosing the data received.
Retraction of article
In some cases, the editor and editorial staff may decide to retract articles. The reasons for it can be as follows: plagiarized text, images, figures, charts, tables, etc. are detected after publication; there are copyright infringement claims in relation to the article or its parts; the article has been published in another journal before its publication in the journal; there are fundamental errors in the published paper that raise concerns over its scientific relevance. In such a case, the screening of the article initiated by the editorial staff may lead to its retraction. After that, a Verification Report and Protocol on Article Retraction are compiled. The latter should be signed by the Director of Publishing House HORS LLC. A copy of the Report and the Protocol will be sent to the author of the article. The article will not be withdrawn from the published edition. The Editorial Board will release an official statement on article retraction on its official website (in the table of contents of an appropriate issue). The editorial staff will give the careful and responsible consideration to authorship and plagiarism claims in published materials and take all feasible measures to remedy the situation.
Plagiarism policy
All manuscripts submitted to the journal should be screened for duplicated text and possible plagiarism at the initial stage. If plagiarism and inappropriately manipulated techniques to bypass plagiarism are detected, the article will not be published. The author will be informed about the rejection when plagiarized suspicions are raised. If plagiarism is discovered in the published article, it will be removed from the publication beyond recovery. When inappropriately manipulated data are revealed, all plagiarized pieces of text will be examined on a case-by-case basis.
The forms of plagiarism include word-for-word plagiarism to any extent failing to provide the bibliographic reference; inappropriately manipulated images, illustrations, pictures, tables, charts, diagrams, or any other graphs failing to provide the bibliographic reference; inappropriately manipulated images, illustrations, pictures, tables, charts, diagrams, or any other graphs published in scientific literature and science fiction without the consent of the rights holder; materials published without a written consent of the rights holder if a permission is required.
The forms of citation manipulation are as follows: failure to identify primary sources; discrepancy between in-text citations and reference list; excessive citations (if there are references to sources) which are not justified by the genre and the purpose of an article.
The allowable citations (proper citation) should be no more than 20 %. This requirement does not apply to overviews and other articles that require more citations for objective reasons. Such submissions shall be reviewed by the editors on a case-by-case basis. The articles which contain the same information (thesis, thesis abstract, monograph, previous articles in journals and collections) are not accepted.
Reviewers’ responsibilities
Contribution to editorial decisions
A review of scientific articles by referees plays a crucial role when providing an objective and scientific assessment of the material. This process is based on mutual trust and requires responsible and ethical behavior [6]. The peer-reviewing process assists the editor and the Editorial Board in determining the significance of the article and making editorial decisions. A reviewer is an important person in improving the paper by adding new materials or reducing ones presented. An objective expert opinion on the manuscript helps the editor and editorial staff decide whether to publish it or not.
Promptness
A referee should promptly respond to the Editorial Board, particularly when he/she refuses to review an article for objective or subjective reasons. Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or has no deep knowledge of the subject matter should notify the editor, describe the scope of his/her expertise or withdraw from the review process. A prompt review is of great importance to publication, so a referee should notify the Editorial Board of the possible delay in reviewing in advance.
Confidentiality
Any manuscripts, reviews, its information and ideas must be treated as confidential documents. They must not be disclosed to or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor. The referees should not involve third parties, including their assistants, in the review process if they are not authorized by the editor or editorial staff; persons assisted to the referees should be named in the final opinion of a referee to consider their contribution to the abovementioned process [7].
Standards of objectivity
Peer reviewers will provide accurate and true information about their personal and professional knowledge and experience. Reviews should be conducted objectively on a scientific basis. Referees should guarantee that articles will be evaluated without regard to the authors’ race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnic origin, citizenship, political and other views and commercial considerations. Peer reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. The referee should avoid the hostile and provocative statements, defamatory and humiliating comments [8].
Acknowledgement of sources
Referees will identify cases in which relevant published work referred to in the paper has not been cited in the reference section. They should point out whether observations or arguments derived from other publications are accompanied by the respective source. There should be a bibliographic reference to the primary source wherever possible [9]. Reviewers will notify the editor of any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.
Disclosure and conflicts of interest
Reviewers must respect the confidential information and ideas obtained through peer review. Privileged information must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage, other persons or entity’s benefits, causing damage to and discrediting others. Referees should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the papers. Reviewers must seek editors’ advice if they are not sure whether or not the submitted article can lead to a conflict of interest.
Authors’ duties
Reporting standards
Authors of original research reports should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the article. A paper should contain sufficient detail and references to demonstrate the recognized contribution of other researchers to the subject matter. All external sources of information used in the manuscript must be accompanied by bibliographic references. They must enable reviewers and all interested persons to recheck or replicate the work. No personal, critical, derogatory comments to and accusations against other researchers are admissible. There should be no fraudulent or knowingly false statements in the manuscript. Otherwise, the editor and editorial staff will treat this fact as unethical and unacceptable behavior in the scientific community.
Data access and retention
Authors could be asked to provide the raw data of their study together with the paper for editorial review and should be prepared to make the data publicly available if practicable. In any event, authors should ensure accessibility of such data to other competent professionals for at least ten years after publication (preferably via an institutional or subject-based data repository or other data center), provided that the confidentiality of the participants can be protected and legal rights concerning proprietary data do not preclude their release.
Originality, plagiarism and acknowledgement of sources
Authors will submit only entirely original works. They will appropriately cite or quote the work and/or words of others. Publications that have been influential in determining the nature of the reported work should also be cited. Third-party content (including figures, tables, images) is admissible in case of reference to the author of these materials and/or copyright holder and copyright permission available.
Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication
Submitting the same paper to more than one journal constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Articles which have been published as copyrighted material elsewhere cannot be submitted. Besides, manuscripts under review by the journal should not be resubmitted to copyrighted publications. Copyright infringement in relation to a submitted and edited paper is prosecuted. However, by submitting a manuscript, the author(s) retain the rights to the published material.
Authorship and copyright
Copyright to submitted manuscripts is held by their authors. The term ‘authors’ refers to all persons (co-authors) involved in the creation of a manuscript and responsible for its content. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author ensures that all contributing co-authors and no uninvolved persons are included in the author list. The person (corresponding author) who has submitted a manuscript to the journal will be responsible for full authors’ information provided, amendments agreed upon a review and revision of the article. The corresponding author will also verify that all co-authors have approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. The author who has submitted the article to Publishing House HORS LLC hereby consent to publish his/her article in the journal and transfer his/her rights to article to the publisher (the right to its translation, make it publicly available on the official website of the journal, transfer the article (including references)) to the persons who must receive this information or other persons in order to cite publications and increase the citation index of the author and the journal. To reprint any copyright material published in the journals of Publishing House HORS LLC, the consent of the Editorial Board, the reference to the journal, the author and the title of the article are required. Copyright infringement in relation to a submitted and edited paper is prosecuted.
Disclosure and conflicts of interest
All authors should include a statement disclosing any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that may be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. If a conflict of interest takes place, the author may ask the Editorial Board to exclude a person known to him/her from being an editor and/or reviewer of the manuscript. The Editorial Board retains the right to reject the publication in case of a breach of ethical rules and regulations and in case of possible damage to conduct appropriate testing and public events, which is in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Fundamental errors in published works
When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or editorial staff and to cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper in form of an erratum.
Article Retraction Procedure
1. The Article Retraction Procedure is based on the Publication Ethics of the journals [10], the contract of Publishing House HORS LLC, and the Article Retraction Guidelines of Association of Science Editors and Publishers [11].
2. Retraction of an article is a set of measures to correct the data published in a scientific journal due to plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, fabrication, falsification, improper citations as well as duplicate or multiple publications including ones by different authors. In such a case, the article is not completely retracted from the online and print versions of the journal and e-library databases.
3. If one or more grounds for retraction stipulated in paragraph 2 are detected, the Director of Publishing House HORS LLC sets an agenda for article retraction. An Editorial Board Meeting is arranged in this regard. The decision shall be made by open vote. The internal expert review is preassigned to establish or deny the cause of retraction.
4. The article retraction is to be discussed if the Editorial Board, the author or third parties identify the reasons for it. The Editorial Board sends a letter concerning the goals, causes of retraction and the decision taken to the author.
5. If minor violations such as the lack of some references and proper citations, miscalculations and erroneous data, misprints are detected, the article is to be corrected. Authors are forbidden to submit new manuscripts to any journal of Publishing House HORS LLC within two years.
When making changes to an article, the note ‘Revised’ is added to the table of contents beside its title, a revised version is presented next to the initial one, the appropriate announcement is made in the subsequent issue print issue, the article is included in the list of retracted and revised articles. The article continues to be published. Information on the revised article is sent to Russian Science Citation Index, Association of Science Editors and Publishers, EBSCO.
6. If one detects major violations such as plagiarism, multiple improper citations, falsification and fabrication, duplicate or multiple publications including ones by different authors, the article is to be retracted. Authors are forbidden to submit new manuscripts to any journal of Publishing House HORS LLC within three years.
When retracting an article (paragraph 6), the note ‘Retracted’ is added to the table of contents beside its title, a “RETRACTED” watermark is added to the article, the appropriate announcement is made in the subsequent issue print issue, the article is included in the list of retracted and revised articles. The article is no longer regarded as published. Information on the retracted article is sent to Russian Science Citation Index, Association of Science Editors and Publishers, EBSCO.
7. According to contract, there is no refund for the article retracted.
References and notes:
1. Translated from Russian by Margarita Kulikova, Translator of Publishing House HORS LLC.
2. Declaration of Ethical Principles of Science Publications by Association of Science Editors and Publishers 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, <https://rasep.ru/sovet-po-etike/deklaratsiya>, (in Russian).
3. Guidelines for Publication of a Scientific Journal. International Practice on the Ethics of Editing, Reviewing, Publishing and Authorship of Scientific Publications 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian).
4. Code of Conduct and Best-Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, https://rasep.ru/sovet-po-etike/kodeksy-i-knigi/134-kodeks-povedeniya-i-nailuchshaya-praktika-dlya-redaktorov-zhurnalov>, (in Russian).
5. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) as of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ as amended on May 23, 2018 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian); Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as of June 13, 1996 No. 63-ФЗ as amended on June 27, 2018. Article 146. Violation of Copyright and Related Rights 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian); Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) as of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ as amended on May 23, 2018. Article 1252. Protection of Exclusive Rights 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian); Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four) as of December 18, 2006 No. 230-ФЗ as amended on May 23, 2018. Article 1301. Responsibility for Violation of the Exclusive Right to Work 2018, viewed 20 June 2018, LINK, (in Russian).
6. Hames, I & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 66, (in Russian).
7. Hames, I & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 69, (in Russian).
8. Hames, I & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 67, (in Russian).
9. Wager, E, Kleinert, S & Kirilova, OV (comp.) 2013, ‘Responsible Research Publication: International Standards for Authors’, Podgotovka i izdaniye nauchnogo zhurnala. Mezhdunarodnaya praktika po etike redaktirovaniya, retsenzirovaniya, izdaniya i avtorstva nauchnykh publikatsiy: sbornik perevodov, Moscow, p. 81, (in Russian).
10. ‘Publication Ethics’ 2018, Publishing House HORS LLC: International Scientific Publisher, viewed 20 June 2018, <http://dom-hors.ru/redakcionnaya-etika/>, (in Russian); ‘Publication Ethics’ 2018, Theory and Practice of Social Development: International Scientific Journal, viewed 20 June 2018, <http://teoria-practica.ru/redakcionnaya-etika/>, (in Russian).
11. ‘Article Retraction Guidelines’ 2018, Official website of Association of Science Editors and Publishers, viewed 20 June 2018, <https://rasep.ru/sovet-po-etike/pravilo-otzyva-retragirovaniya-stati-ot-publikatsii>, (in Russian).
The author is Shapovalov Sergey Nikolayevich, PhD in History, Associate Professor, History of Russia Department, Kuban State University
This information is published in Scientific Journal “Society: Philosophy, History, Culture”. 2018. No. 7.